What is strata, exactly?

If you own — or are thinking of buying — a townhouse in NSW, here's everything you actually need to know. In plain English.

The Basics

The short version

When you buy a townhouse in a strata scheme, you own your home outright — but you also share ownership of everything outside your front door with the other owners in the complex. The driveway, the roof, the garden, the fences — all shared.

That shared area is called common property, and it's owned and managed collectively by all the owners together. This group is called the owners corporation (sometimes still called the body corporate).

Think of it this way

Imagine a block of six townhouses. Each owner has their own home — their own space, their own mortgage, their own letterbox. But the driveway that leads to all six homes? The fence around the complex? The garden at the front? Those belong to everyone. No single owner can concrete over the garden or repaint the fence without the group agreeing. That's strata in a nutshell.

In NSW, strata schemes are governed by the Strata Schemes Management Act 2015. It sets out how decisions are made, how the shared money is managed, and what owners, committees, and managers must do.

Ownership

What's yours — and what's shared

A common source of confusion is knowing who's responsible for what. Here's a general guide for townhouses. The exact boundary is defined in your strata plan — we're always happy to check this for you.

🏠 Your lot — yours alone

  • Inside your home — walls, floors, ceilings
  • Your internal plumbing and wiring
  • Your courtyard or exclusive-use area
  • Your garage or car space (usually)
  • Kitchen, bathrooms and internal fittings
  • Air conditioning serving only your lot

⊕ Common property — everyone's

  • Driveways, paths and shared parking areas
  • Exterior walls, roof and gutters
  • Shared fences and boundary walls
  • Gardens and lawns outside lots
  • Shared letterboxes and entry gates
  • Shared stormwater and drainage

⚠️ This is a general guide only. Your strata plan defines the exact boundaries. If you're unsure, ask us — it's a free question.

The People Involved

Who runs the scheme?

Every strata scheme has a few key roles. Once you understand who does what, it all makes sense.

The Owners Corporation

All the owners in the complex, acting together. They own the common property and make major decisions — approving a budget, changing by-laws, or authorising major works.

The Strata Committee

A small group of elected owners (usually 3–7 people) who handle day-to-day decisions between meetings. Think of them as the elected representatives of the owners corporation.

The Strata Manager

A licensed professional hired to handle the administration — levies, records, meetings, maintenance, insurance, and compliance. They work for the owners corporation, not any individual owner.

Individual Owners

You. Every owner has the right to vote at meetings, see the books, raise issues, and have their say. You're not just a resident — you're a part-owner of a legal entity.

Common Questions

Things owners ask us all the time

What are levies, and do I have to pay them?

Yes — levies are compulsory quarterly contributions every owner pays into two shared funds: the administrative fund (day-to-day costs like insurance and maintenance) and the capital works fund (saving for bigger future expenses like a new roof or driveway). The amounts are set at the AGM each year.

Not paying levies is a serious matter under the Strata Schemes Management Act 2015. Unpaid levies accrue interest and can lead to legal recovery action.
Who decides what gets repaired — and who pays?

If it's common property (the roof, external walls, driveway), the owners corporation pays — from everyone's levies. If it's inside your lot, it's generally your responsibility. The strata manager organises quotes and tradespeople for common property repairs.

Can I renovate my townhouse?

Minor work inside your lot — new flooring, painting, appliances — generally doesn't need approval. But anything structural, or anything that affects common property (replacing windows, adding a pergola, changing the exterior), will need approval from the owners corporation.

Always check before you start. An unapproved renovation can result in a requirement to undo the work at your own cost.
What are by-laws?

By-laws are the rules specific to your strata scheme — noise, pets, parking, use of common areas, how alterations are approved. Every scheme has its own registered set. They can be changed, but it requires a special resolution (at least 75% of votes in favour) and formal registration with NSW Land Registry Services.

What does a strata manager do for me day to day?

A good strata manager handles levy collection, maintenance, insurance, meetings, records, compliance, by-law advice, and contractor coordination. At Townhouse Strata, we also answer calls the same day, explain everything in plain English, and flag potential issues before they become expensive problems.

What happens if owners disagree?

Disagreements happen — there's a proper process for resolving them. Minor disputes are often sorted with a conversation. More serious issues may need formal mediation through NSW Fair Trading first, and if unresolved, an application to NCAT (NSW Civil and Administrative Tribunal).

Our approach: step in early, communicate clearly with all owners, and resolve things before they need a tribunal. A proactive manager prevents most disputes from escalating.

Still have questions? We're happy to help.

Whether you're new to strata, confused about something in your complex, or thinking about switching managers — reach out. No cost, no obligation.

Get in touch today

Helpful Resources

Looking for official information?

These are the main sources we point people to when they need something straight from the horse's mouth. We've kept the list short and practical — just the ones that are actually useful.

NSW Government

NSW Fair Trading — Strata Living

The main government body for strata in NSW. Good for general information, understanding your rights, lodging complaints, and finding plain-English guides on how strata works.

fairtrading.nsw.gov.au
Legislation

The laws that govern strata in NSW

The two key pieces of legislation. You don't need to read them cover to cover — but it's worth knowing they exist and what they cover.

Disputes & Tribunal

NCAT — NSW Civil & Administrative Tribunal

NCAT handles disputes between owners, committees, strata managers, and tenants. If a disagreement can't be resolved through mediation, NCAT is usually the next step. Most strata matters go through the Consumer and Commercial Division.

ncat.nsw.gov.au
Industry Body

Strata Community Association (SCA NSW)

The peak industry body for strata managers in NSW. Sets professional standards for the industry and provides a public directory if you're looking for a licensed manager in your area.

scansw.com.au
Mediation

NSW Fair Trading — Strata Mediation

Before most NCAT applications can be made, you need to attempt mediation. Fair Trading provides free mediation for strata disputes — it's often the quickest way to resolve a disagreement without going to tribunal.

Strata dispute resolution
Short-Term Letting

Airbnb & short-term rental rules

NSW has specific rules around short-term letting in strata schemes, including the right to restrict it via by-law (outside principal places of residence). Fair Trading's guide covers what owners and committees need to know.

Short-term letting guide
Not sure which of these applies to your situation? Contact us — we're happy to point you in the right direction. No obligation, just a straight answer.